Peratusan Varians Kalkulator

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What Is Percentage Variance?

"Percentage variance" means two different things depending on who is asking. In statistics it usually means the spread of a data set expressed as a percentage of its mean, which is the coefficient of variation: a value of 5% means the standard deviation is 5% of the average. In budgeting and finance it means how far an actual figure is from a planned one, as a percentage of the plan. The calculator above computes the first. Both are explained below with worked examples. The data-set examples use the sample standard deviation.

Formula

The two meanings use different formulas:

Spread of a Data Set (CV)

CV% = (√variance / mean) × 100

CV%Spread as a percentage of the mean
√varianceStandard deviation
meanArithmetic average of the data

Actual vs Planned (Budget Variance)

% variance = (Actual − Planned) / Planned × 100

ActualThe figure that happened
PlannedThe budget, forecast or target

How to Calculate Percentage Variance Step by Step

Compute the mean.Add all values and divide by the count.
Compute the variance.Average the squared deviations from the mean (n − 1 for a sample).
Take the square root.This gives the standard deviation.
Divide by the mean.Compute SD / mean.
Multiply by 100.Express the result as a percentage.

Percentage Variance Examples

1Weekly Sales ($K)

Data:120, 135, 110, 128, 142

Solution:Mean = 127. SD ≈ 12.53. CV = 12.53 / 127 × 100.

Answer:Percentage variance ≈ 9.87%

2Units Produced per Hour

Data:45, 50, 48, 52, 47, 49

Solution:Mean = 48.5. SD ≈ 2.43. CV = 2.43 / 48.5 × 100.

Answer:Percentage variance ≈ 5.01%

3Website Load Times (seconds)

Data:2.1, 3.5, 1.8, 2.9, 4.2, 2.3

Solution:Mean = 2.8. SD ≈ 0.92. CV = 0.92 / 2.8 × 100.

Answer:Percentage variance ≈ 32.7%

4Blood Pressure Readings (mmHg)

Data:120, 118, 122, 119, 121

Solution:Mean = 120. SD ≈ 1.58. CV = 1.58 / 120 × 100.

Answer:Percentage variance ≈ 1.32%

5Budget vs Actual Spending

Data:Budget: $50,000 → Actual: $53,500

Solution:% variance = (53,500 − 50,000) / 50,000 × 100.

Answer:Percentage variance = +7.0% over budget

How to Use This Percentage Variance Calculator

For the spread of a data set:

Enter your values separated by commas, spaces or line breaks.
Choose Sample or Population; the percentage uses the matching standard deviation.
Read the "Coeff. of Variation" result: that is the spread as a percentage of the mean.
For an actual-vs-planned figure, use the second formula above: (actual − planned) / planned × 100.

What the Calculator Shows You

The spread as a percentage, together with the variance and standard deviation it comes from.
Sample and population versions.
The full working, so you can check a spreadsheet or a report.
Calculations run in your browser; your numbers are not sent anywhere.

Where Percentage Variance Is Used

Budgeting

Comparing actual spending or revenue with the budget.

Project management

Cost and schedule variance as a percentage of the baseline plan.

Sales forecasting

How far actual sales landed from the forecast.

Operations

How consistent delivery times or output rates are relative to their average.

Healthcare

How much repeated readings vary relative to their average.

Reporting Percentage Variance Clearly

A percentage on its own can be ambiguous. These habits make it clear:

Say what it is a percentage of

A "7% variance" means nothing until you say whether it is relative to the budget, the forecast, last year or the mean of the data.

Include the direction

+7% on costs and −7% on revenue are both bad news, but for different reasons. Keep the sign.

Agree thresholds in advance

For example, "any variance beyond ±5% is reviewed". This turns a number into an action.

Weight when combining groups

Department A spent $1M at +3% and Department B spent $100K at +20%. The overall variance is (30,000 + 20,000) / 1,100,000 ≈ +4.5%, not the simple average of 11.5%.

Show the trend

One period's variance is a snapshot. A run of periods shows whether things are improving.

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Soalan Lazim: Peratusan Varians Kalkulator

Semua yang anda perlu tahu tentang varians.

Apakah peratusan varians?

Peratusan varians boleh merujuk kepada dua perkara: 1. Pekali variasi (CV) — menyatakan sisihan piawai sebagai peratusan min: CV = (SD / min) × 100%. 2. perubahan peratus antara dua nilai: % perubahan = [(baru − lama) / lama] × 100%. Kalkulator kami mengira CV untuk menyatakan penyebaran data keseluruhan sebagai peratusan.

Bagaimana untuk mengira varians sebagai peratusan?

Untuk menyatakan varians sebagai peratusan, gunakan pekali variasi: CV = (√variance / min) × 100%. Langkah: 1. Kira varians. 2. Ambil punca kuasa duanya (= sisihan piawai). 3. Bahagikan dengan min. 4. Darab dengan 100%. Contoh: varians = 25, min = 50 → SD = 5 → CV = (5/50) × 100% = 10%.

Apakah varians peratusan yang baik?

Ia bergantung pada konteks. Dalam pembuatan: < 5% adalah sangat baik, 5–10% boleh diterima. Dalam ramalan kewangan: < 10% menunjukkan ramalan yang boleh dipercayai. Dalam percubaan saintifik: < 15% mencadangkan kebolehulangan yang baik. Dalam analisis belanjawan: < 5% varians daripada angka yang dirancang biasanya dianggap diurus dengan baik. Peratusan varians yang lebih tinggi menunjukkan lebih banyak ketidakpastian.

Bagaimanakah peratusan varians digunakan dalam kewangan?

Dalam kewangan, peratusan varians (CV) membandingkan pulangan terlaras risiko merentas pelaburan. Stok dengan pulangan purata 15% dan CV 10% adalah lebih konsisten daripada stok dengan pulangan 20% dan CV 25%. Analisis varians belanjawan menggunakan perbezaan peratusan: [(belanjawan − sebenar) / belanjawan] × 100% untuk menjejak sisihan perbelanjaan. Kedua-dua aplikasi menormalkan kebolehubahan untuk perbandingan yang bermakna.

Apakah perbezaan antara peratusan varians dan peratus perubahan?

Peratusan varians (CV) mengukur cara penyebaran set data adalah relatif kepada min — ia menerangkan keseluruhan pengedaran. Perubahan peratus membandingkan dua nilai khusus: [(baru − lama) / lama] × 100%. Peratusan varians menggunakan sisihan piawai dan min semua titik data; peratus perubahan hanya memerlukan dua nombor. Mereka menjawab soalan yang berbeza.

Bolehkah peratusan varians melebihi 100%?

Ya. Apabila sisihan piawai melebihi min, CV melebihi 100%. Ini menunjukkan kebolehubahan relatif yang sangat tinggi. Ia adalah perkara biasa dalam set data dengan banyak sifar, pengedaran yang sangat condong (seperti pendapatan) atau data dengan outlier yang melampau. CV > 100% menandakan bahawa sisihan "tipikal" daripada min adalah lebih besar daripada min itu sendiri.

How do you calculate the percent variance of a data set?

For {10, 12, 14, 8, 16}: mean = 60 / 5 = 12. Deviations: −2, 0, 2, −4, 4. Squared: 4, 0, 4, 16, 16, sum = 40. Population SD = √(40 / 5) = √8 ≈ 2.828, so CV = 2.828 / 12 × 100% ≈ 23.6%. Using the sample SD (√(40 / 4) = √10 ≈ 3.162) gives ≈ 26.4%.

What is the formula for percent variance between two numbers?

If B is the baseline (planned, previous or expected value) and A is the actual value: % variance = (A − B) / B × 100%. For a budget of 50,000 and actual spending of 53,500, that is 3,500 / 50,000 × 100% = +7%. If neither number is a baseline, the percent difference uses their average instead: |A − B| / ((A + B) / 2) × 100%.