変動係数 電卓

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What Is the Coefficient of Variation?

The coefficient of variation (CV) is the standard deviation divided by the mean, usually shown as a percentage. It tells you how large the spread is compared with the typical value. Because the units cancel, you can compare the consistency of things measured in different units, such as heights in centimetres and weights in kilograms, or of things on very different scales. It is sometimes called the coefficient of variance or the relative standard deviation; they all mean the same thing. All the examples on this page use the sample standard deviation; if you use the population version, say so, because the CV will be slightly smaller.

Formula

The CV divides the standard deviation by the mean:

Coefficient of Variation

CV = (s / x̄) × 100%
  • CVCoefficient of variation, as a percentage
  • sStandard deviation (sample s or population σ; state which)
  • x̄Mean (use |x̄| if it could be negative)

How to Calculate the Coefficient of Variation Step by Step

  1. Compute the mean.Add all values and divide by the count.
  2. Compute the standard deviation.Use the sample or population formula as appropriate.
  3. Divide the standard deviation by the mean.This gives a ratio with no units.
  4. Multiply by 100.Express the ratio as a percentage.

Coefficient of Variation Examples

1Comparing Heights and Weights

Data:Heights (cm): 170, 165, 180, 175, 172 | Weights (kg): 68, 72, 80, 75, 70
Solution:Heights — Mean = 172.4, SD ≈ 5.59, CV = 5.59 / 172.4 × 100% ≈ 3.25%. Weights — Mean = 73, SD ≈ 4.69, CV = 4.69 / 73 × 100% ≈ 6.43%.
Answer:Weights (CV ≈ 6.43%) vary more, relative to their mean, than heights (CV ≈ 3.25%)

2Lab Measurement Precision

Data:Instrument A: 5.02, 5.01, 5.03, 5.00, 5.02 | Instrument B: 5.10, 4.90, 5.20, 4.80, 5.00
Solution:Instrument A — Mean = 5.016, SD ≈ 0.0114, CV ≈ 0.23%. Instrument B — Mean = 5.00, SD ≈ 0.158, CV ≈ 3.16%.
Answer:Instrument A (CV ≈ 0.23%) is far more precise than Instrument B (CV ≈ 3.16%)

3Annual Rainfall in Two Cities

Data:City X (mm): 800, 850, 780, 820, 810 | City Y (mm): 200, 350, 150, 280, 220
Solution:City X — Mean = 812, SD ≈ 25.88, CV ≈ 3.19%. City Y — Mean = 240, SD ≈ 77.14, CV ≈ 32.14%.
Answer:City Y's rainfall is much less predictable (CV ≈ 32%) than City X's (CV ≈ 3%)

4Two Production Lines

Data:Line A: 100, 102, 98, 101, 99 | Line B: 500, 480, 520, 510, 490
Solution:Line A — Mean = 100, SD ≈ 1.58, CV ≈ 1.58%. Line B — Mean = 500, SD ≈ 15.81, CV ≈ 3.16%.
Answer:Line B is less consistent relative to its output (3.16% vs 1.58%), even though it produces more

5Sprint Times (seconds)

Data:Runner X: 10.2, 10.3, 10.1, 10.4, 10.2 | Runner Y: 12.5, 11.8, 13.2, 12.0, 12.5
Solution:Runner X — Mean = 10.24, SD ≈ 0.114, CV ≈ 1.11%. Runner Y — Mean = 12.40, SD ≈ 0.543, CV ≈ 4.38%.
Answer:Runner X is about four times as consistent (CV ≈ 1.1% vs 4.4%)

6Investment Returns (%)

Data:Fund A: 8, 10, 7, 9, 11 | Fund B: 15, 5, 20, -2, 12
Solution:Fund A — Mean = 9, SD ≈ 1.58, CV ≈ 17.57%. Fund B — Mean = 10, SD ≈ 8.63, CV ≈ 86.31%.
Answer:Fund B's returns are far more volatile relative to their average (CV ≈ 86% vs 18%)

How to Use This Coefficient of Variation Calculator

The CV is shown in the results for any data you enter:

  1. Enter one data set, separated by commas, spaces or line breaks.
  2. Choose Sample or Population; the CV uses the matching standard deviation.
  3. Read the "Coeff. of Variation" result. To compare two data sets, enter each in turn and note both CVs.
  4. Only compare CVs for data measured on a scale with a true zero (lengths, weights, counts, prices).

What the Calculator Shows You

  • The CV together with the mean and standard deviation it is built from.
  • Sample and population versions, so you can report which you used.
  • The full working for the standard deviation.
  • Calculations run in your browser; your numbers are not sent anywhere.

Where the Coefficient of Variation Is Used

Laboratory science

Judging the repeatability of an assay or instrument.

Finance

Comparing how volatile different assets are relative to their average return.

Manufacturing

Comparing consistency across machines or lines with different targets.

Agriculture

Comparing yield variability across fields or seasons.

Ecology

Comparing population fluctuations of species with very different abundances.

Interpreting a CV in Different Fields

What counts as a "good" CV depends heavily on what you are measuring. These are rough guides, not rules:

Analytical and laboratory work

Repeat measurements of the same sample are usually expected to agree closely, often within a few percent.

Manufacturing

For a stable process, CVs of a few percent are common. A rising CV is an early sign that something has changed.

Finance

CVs of returns are often large and can exceed 100%, especially when the average return is close to zero.

Biology and ecology

Natural variation is high. CVs of 30% or more are normal for things like animal population counts.

When not to use it

Do not use the CV for data that can be negative or has an arbitrary zero, such as temperatures in °C. A mean near zero makes the CV huge and meaningless.

よくある質問: 変動係数 電卓

分散について知っておくべきことのすべて。

変動係数 (CV) とは何ですか?

変動係数 (CV) は (標準偏差 / 平均) × 100% に等しくなります。これは相対的な変動性、つまり平均と比較したスプレッドの大きさを測定します。 CV 10% は、標準偏差が平均の 10% であることを意味します。 CV は、異なる単位またはスケールで測定されたデータセット間の変動を比較するのに役立ちます。

変動係数はどのように計算しますか?

CV を計算するには: 1. 平均 (x̄) を計算します。 2. 標準偏差 (s または σ) を計算します。 3. 除算: CV = (標準偏差 / 平均) × 100%。たとえば、平均 = 50、SD = 5 の場合、CV = (5/50) × 100% =10% となります。平均値が負になる可能性がある場合は、平均値の絶対値を使用します。

適切な変動係数とは何ですか?

一般に: CV < 15% は変動性が低い (一貫性が良い) ことを示します。 CV 15 ~ 30% は中程度の変動を示します。 CV > 30% は、ばらつきが大きいことを示します。ただし、何が「良い」かは分野によって異なります。臨床検査では、CV < 5% が期待されます。生態学的研究では、CV > 30% が正常である可能性があります。製造においては、CV が低いほど生産量が安定することを意味します。

標準偏差の代わりに CV を使用する必要があるのはどのような場合ですか?

変動係数は次の場合に使用します: 1. 単位が異なるデータセット間の変動を比較する場合 (例: 身長 (cm) と体重 (kg))。 2. 非常に異なる手段でデータセットを比較します。 3. さまざまなスケールにわたる測定精度を評価します。平均が大きく異なる場合、標準偏差だけでは誤解を招く可能性があります。CV は平均に対する広がりを正規化します。

変動係数は 100% を超えることはできますか?

はい。 CV > 100% は、標準偏差が平均を超えていることを意味し、相対変動が非常に高いことを示します。これは、非常に偏ったデータ、ゼロに近い値を持つデータ、または極端な外れ値を持つデータ セットで発生する可能性があります。たとえば、一部の集団の所得分布では CV > 100% が得られる場合があります。

変動係数と分散の違いは何ですか?

分散は、絶対的な広がりを二乗単位で測定します。 変動係数は、相対的な広がりを平均値のパーセンテージとして測定します。分散はデータのスケールによって異なります。すべての値を 2 倍にすると、分散は 4 倍になります。 CV はスケールに依存しません。すべての値を 2 倍にしても、CV は変化しません。これにより、CV はデータセット間の比較に最適になります。

Is "coefficient of variance" the same as coefficient of variation?

Yes. "Coefficient of variation" is the standard statistical term; "coefficient of variance" is a common alternative name for the same thing. Both mean (SD / mean) × 100%, and both are abbreviated CV.

Why is the coefficient of variation used in quality control?

It lets you compare the consistency of processes that run at different levels. Two filling machines might have different target weights; comparing their CVs tells you which is more consistent relative to its own target. Laboratories also use CV to judge the repeatability of an assay.